Parents have a natural right to direct the moral upbringing and education of their children, as well as the duty to protect their children’s physical and mental health. These rights and duties are deeply rooted in the nation’s history and tradition. Congress should confirm that parental rights are fundamental rights, in order to ensure that federal government policies never overrule them except for the most compelling and particularized of reasons under law. The presumption must always be that mothers and fathers know and love their children best.